fix: Replace print statements with logging and logging modular level (PR2)

[MoralCode]

Note

This PR was ported from augurlabs/augur#3648 filed by @PredictiveManish because the contribution was deemed to still be useful.

Description
This PR standardizes the logging implementation across libyear_util to follow Python best practices and solve #114:

Changes Made:

1. Added module-level loggers: Each module now uses logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
2. Eliminated print statements: All console output now uses proper logging
3. Fixed inconsistent patterns: Removed logger parameter passing in favor of module-level loggers
4. Improved import organization: Removed duplicate imports

This PR partially solves #114

Notes for Reviewers

• Consistent logging behavior across the codebase
• Better control over log levels and output
• Follows Python logging best practices
• Easier debugging and monitoring
• Cleaner separation of concerns

Testing

• Enabled Python logging locally
• Verified log messages emit via logger.info
• No changes to control flow or task behavior
• Verified logging output locally with logging.basicConfig(level=INFO).

Signed commits

• Yes, I signed my commits.

[github-actions]

[pylint] _{reported by reviewdog 🐶}
W0621: Redefining name 'logger' from outer scope (line 8) (redefined-outer-name)