fix: normalize quantity overflow errors

[KeuqS]

/kind bug

What this PR does / why we need it:

Normalize decimal overflow errors raised by parse_quantity into ValueError so callers get a consistent exception type for malformed or unrepresentable quantities.

The implementation catches DecimalException only around the scaled multiplication. Existing valid quantities and other validation behavior remain unchanged.

Which issue(s) this PR fixes:

Fixes #2735

Special notes for your reviewer:

Added a regression test for the overflowing quantity 2.e388635141Ki. No Kubernetes cluster is required to reproduce or test this behavior.

Does this PR introduce a user-facing change?

No. This makes the exception type consistent for invalid input.

NONE

[linux-foundation-easycla]

The committers listed above are authorized under a signed CLA.

• ✅ login: KeuqS / name: Aykut Güney (c532542, ec55007)

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[yliaog]

/lgtm
/approve

[kubernetes-prow]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is APPROVED

This pull-request has been approved by: KeuqS, yliaog

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