node-api: fix crash on re-entering TSFN finalization during env shutdown

[legendecas]

Fix the TSFN finalization re-entrance. state = kClosed marks a TSFN as ready to be
deleted, so a TSFN should not set this state before calling into user code synchronously,
which could call into napi_release_threadsafe_function, and delete the TSFN
synchronously in the middle of ThreadSafeFunction::MaybeDelete.

Fixes: #65100

[nodejs-github-bot]

Review requested:

• @nodejs/gyp
• @nodejs/node-api
• @nodejs/cpp-reviewers

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 66.66667% with 1 line in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 90.21%. Comparing base (6193e15) to head (742384c).
⚠️ Report is 31 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/node_api.cc	66.66%	0 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #65967      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   90.20%   90.21%   +0.01%     
==========================================
  Files         785      785              
  Lines      269347   269348       +1     
  Branches    51509    51509              
==========================================
+ Hits       242971   243000      +29     
+ Misses      16890    16858      -32     
- Partials     9486     9490       +4     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
src/node_api.cc	75.48% <66.66%> (+0.15%)	⬆️

... and 35 files with indirect coverage changes

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[nodejs-github-bot]

CI: https://ci.nodejs.org/job/node-test-pull-request/77524/