Fix discovery beside same-named namespace directories

[nightcityblade]

Fixes #22160.

Directory discovery currently reserves every populated directory name before considering same-named Python files. That incorrectly skips x.py when a namespace directory such as x/y.py is also present.

This change reserves a directory name only when the directory is a regular package with an __init__.py[i]. Regression tests cover both namespace-directory discovery and the existing regular-package precedence.

Supersedes #22166, which GitHub auto-closed after the head branch history was repaired.

Testing:

• TMPDIR=/tmp/mypytest .venv/bin/python -m pytest -n0 mypy/test/test_find_sources.py (11 passed)
• .venv/bin/python -m mypy --config-file mypy_self_check.ini mypy/find_sources.py mypy/test/test_find_sources.py
• Black 26.1.0, Ruff, and codespell checks on the changed files

Development note: this focused change was prepared with AI-assisted tooling and manually reviewed and validated against the reported behavior.

[github-actions]

Diff from mypy_primer, showing the effect of this PR on open source code:

scipy-stubs (https://github.com/scipy/scipy-stubs)
- tests/misc/test_submodules_empty.pyi:3: note: See https://mypy.readthedocs.io/en/stable/running_mypy.html#missing-imports