fix(docker): update image builds and improve deployment tooling

[3for]

What does this PR do?

• Update Docker images to Ubuntu 24.04, verify the amd64 JDK with PGP, and launch FullNode directly.
• Improve helper argument handling, configuration, mounts, port mappings and container lifecycle management.
• Add static CI checks and refresh deployment guides, including JVM sizing examples.

Why are these changes required?

The Docker deployment path used outdated dependencies, weak JDK verification and stale instructions, with no dedicated CI coverage.

This PR has been tested by:

• Unit Tests: Java unit tests not run; no Java code changes.
• Manual Testing: Bash syntax validation (bash -n) and ShellCheck passed.

Follow up

• Sync matching Dockerfiles to develop and verify standalone helper builds for both architectures.
• Address JVM defaults, helper memory options, and vmoptions parsing/runtime compatibility separately.

Extra details

Targets release_v4.8.3. Until develop receives the matching files, use a complete checkout for --build. Dockerfiles continue to build Java sources from remote master.