Epic: GeoTIFF remote/source safety hardening #2344

Goal

Make remote and source dispatch paths safe, bounded, and consistent before the GeoTIFF-focused release.

Remote reads and source routing are high-risk because a small dispatch mistake can bypass SSRF defenses, fetch unbounded data, or route a URL into the wrong backend.

Scope

• HTTP/HTTPS source classification.
• fsspec/cloud source classification.
• File-like and local path behavior.
• HTTP private-host rejection and DNS-rebinding pinning.
• Bounded metadata, tile, strip, cloud, and coalesced-range reads.
• Consistent routing across eager, dask, GPU fallback, VRT source reads, and sidecar discovery.

Known Priority Issue

Several paths use case-sensitive checks like:

source.startswith(('http://', 'https://'))

URL schemes are case-insensitive. HTTP://... and HTTPS://... should still route through _HTTPSource and receive SSRF/DNS-pinning protections, not fall through to fsspec or local handling.

Work Items

• Centralize source scheme classification using urlparse(source).scheme.lower().
• Replace security-relevant case-sensitive HTTP(S) checks.
• Make _is_fsspec_uri exclude HTTP(S) case-insensitively.
• Add regression tests for uppercase HTTP:// and HTTPS:// schemes.
• Add private-host rejection tests that prove uppercase schemes cannot bypass _HTTPSource.
• Audit eager, dask, GPU, VRT, and sidecar paths for source-routing divergence.
• Verify cloud byte budget behavior for eager fsspec reads.
• Verify dask remote reads use bounded metadata/range reads rather than full-object reads.
• Wrap source cleanup so failed read_all() calls do not skip cleanup.

Acceptance Criteria

• No security-relevant path uses case-sensitive HTTP(S) dispatch.
• HTTP(S) SSRF protections apply regardless of scheme casing.
• fsspec/cloud reads remain bounded according to documented budgets.
• Dask remote graph construction does not fetch full remote objects.
• Source cleanup is exception-safe around read failures.
• Remote behavior is documented as advanced, with explicit limits and escape hatches.